INTRANET

Intranet
An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet protocols, network connectivity to securely share part of an organization's information or operations with its employees. Sometimes the term refers only to the most visible service, the internal website. The same concepts and technologies of the Internet such as clients and servers running on the Internet protocol suite are used to build an intranet. HTTP and other Internet protocols are commonly used as well, such as FTP. There is often an attempt to use Internet technologies to provide new interfaces with corporate "legacy" data and information systems.
Briefly, an intranet can be understood as "a private version of the Internet," or as a version of the Internet confined to an organization. The term first appeared in print on April 19, 1995, in Digital News & Review in an article authored by technical editor Stephen Lawton
About Extranets
Intranets differ from "Extranets" in that the former is generally restricted to employees of the organization while extranets can generally be accessed by customers, suppliers, or other approved parties.
There does not necessarily have to be any access from the organization's internal network to the internet itself. When such access is provided it is usually through a gateway with a firewall, along with user authentication, encryption of messages, and often make use of virtual private networks (VPN's). Through such devices and systems off-site employees can access company information, computing resources and internal communications.
Increasingly, intranets are being used to deliver tools and applications, e.g., collaboration (to facilitate working in groups and teleconferencing) or sophisticated corporate directories, sales and CRM tools, project management etc., to advance productivity.
Intranets are also being used as culture change platforms. For example, large numbers of employees discussing key issues in an online forums could lead to new ideas.
Intranet traffic, like public-facing web site traffic, is better understood by using web metrics software to track overall activity, as well as through surveys of users.
Intranet "User Experience", "Editorial", and "Technology" teams work together to produce in-house sites. Most commonly, intranets are owned by the communications, HR or CIO areas of large organizations, or some combination of the three.
Advantages Of Intranet
Workforce productivity: Intranets can help users to locate and view information faster and use applications relevant to their roles and responsibilities. With the help of a web browser interface such as Internet Explorer or Firefox, users can access data held in any database the organization wants to make available, anytime and - subject to security provisions - from anywhere within the company workstations, increasing employees' ability to perform their jobs faster, more accurately, and with confidence that they have the right information. It also helps to improve the services provided to the users.
Time: With intranets, organizations can make more information available to employees on a "pull" basis (ie: employees can link to relevant information at a time which suits them) rather than being deluged indiscriminately by emails.
Communication: Intranets can serve as powerful tools for communication within an organization, vertically and horizontally. From a communications standpoint, intranets are useful to communicate strategic initiatives that have a global reach throughout the organization. The type of information that can easily be conveyed is the purpose of the initiative and what the initiative is aiming to achieve, who is driving the initiative, results achieved to date, and who to speak to for more information. By providing this information on the intranet, staff have the opportunity to keep up-to-date with the strategic focus of the organisation.
Web publishing allows 'cumbersome' corporate knowledge to be maintained and easily accessed throughout the company using hypermedia and Web technologies. Examples include: employee manuals, benefits documents, company policies, business standards, newsfeeds, and even training, can be accessed using common Internet standards (Acrobat files, Flash files, CGI applications). Because each business unit can update the online copy of a document, the most recent version is always available to employees using the intranet.
Business operations and management: Intranets are also being used as a platform for developing and deploying applications to support business operations and decisions across the internetworked enterprise.
Cost-effective: Users can view information and data via web-browser rather than maintaining physical documents such as procedure manuals, internal phone list and requistion forms.
Promote common corporate culture: Every user is viewing the same information within the Intranet.
Enhance Collaboration: With information easily accessible by all authorised users, teamwork is enabled.
Cross-platform Capability: Standards-compliant web browsers are available for Windows, Mac, and *NIX.
Disadvantages Of Intranet
Inappropriate or incorrect information can be posted on an intranet which can reduce its credibility and effectiveness.
In a devolved and highly interactive intranet there is freedom to post abusive and possibly illegal materials. There is a balance to be struck between taking advantage of this freedom to achieve corporate goals and having appropriate controls in place to meet an organization's legal or moral responsibilities.
Need expertise in field to administer and develop Intranet information within the organization.
Security of the intranet becomes an issue. Other users may post sensitive information which may appear to another user. Furthermore, in an industry with high turnover there is the potential for an employee to acquire sensitive information which may significantly benefit their new position at a competing company.
As information can be posted by any user, information overload may occur during the cause if it is not controlled well.
Planning and creating an intranet
Most organizations devote considerable resources into the planning and implementation of their intranet as it is of strategic importance to the organization's success. Some of the planning would include topics such as:
What they hope to achieve from the intranet
Which person or department would "own" (take control of) the technology and the implementation
How and when existing systems would be phased out/replaced
How they intend to make the intranet secure
How they'll ensure to keep it within legislative and other constraints
Level of interactivity (eg wikis, on-line forms) desired.
Is the input of new data and updating of existing data to be centrally controlled or devolved.
These are in addition to the hardware and software decisions (like Content Management Systems), participation issues (like good taste, harassment, confidentiality), and features to be supported [3].
The actual implementation would include steps such as
User involvement to identify users' information needs.
Setting up a web server with the correct hardware and software.
Setting up web server access using a TCP/IP network.
Installing the user programs on all required computers.
Creating a homepage for the content to be hosted.[4]
User involvement in testing and promoting use of intranet.